to_date格式
day:
dd number 12
dy abbreviated fri
day spelled out friday
ddspth spelled out, ordinal twelfth
month:
mm number 03
mon abbreviated mar
month spelled out march
year:
yy two digits 98
yyyy four digits 1998
24小时格式下时间范围为: 0:00:00 - 23:59:59....
12小时格式下时间范围为: 1:00:00 - 12:59:59 ....
1.
日期和字符转换函数用法(to_date,to_char)
2.
select to_char( to_date(222,'j'),'jsp') from dual
显示two hundred twenty-two
3.
求某天是星期几
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual;
星期一
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','nls_date_language = american') from dual;
monday
设置日期语言
alter session set nls_date_language='american';
也可以这样
to_date ('2002-08-26', 'yyyy-mm-dd', 'nls_date_language = american')
4.
两个日期间的天数
select floor(sysdate - to_date('20020405','yyyymmdd')) from dual;
5. 时间为null的用法
select id, active_date from table1
union
select 1, to_date(null) from dual;
注意要用to_date(null)
6.
a_date between to_date('20011201','yyyymmdd') and to_date('20011231','yyyymmdd')
那么12月31号中午12点之后和12月1号的12点之前是不包含在这个范围之内的。
所以,当时间需要精确的时候,觉得to_char还是必要的
7. 日期格式冲突问题
输入的格式要看你安装的oracle字符集的类型, 比如: us7ascii, date格式的类型就是: '01-jan-01'
alter system set nls_date_language = american
alter session set nls_date_language = american
或者在to_date中写
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','nls_date_language = american') from dual;
注意我这只是举了nls_date_language,当然还有很多,
可查看
select * from nls_session_parameters
select * from v$nls_parameters
8.
select count(*)
from ( select rownum-1 rnum
from all_objects
where rownum <= to_date('2002-02-28','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('2002-
02-01','yyyy-mm-dd') 1
)
where to_char( to_date('2002-02-01','yyyy-mm-dd') rnum-1, 'd' )
not
in ( '1', '7' )
查找2002-02-28至2002-02-01间除星期一和七的天数
在前后分别调用dbms_utility.get_time, 让后将结果相减(得到的是1/100秒, 而不是毫秒).
9.
select months_between(to_date('01-31-1999','mm-dd-yyyy'),
to_date('12-31-1998','mm-dd-yyyy')) "months" from dual;
1
select months_between(to_date('02-01-1999','mm-dd-yyyy'),
to_date('12-31-1998','mm-dd-yyyy')) "months" from dual;
1.03225806451613
10. next_day的用法
next_day(date, day)
monday-sunday, for format code day
mon-sun, for format code dy
1-7, for format code d
11
select to_char(sysdate,'hh:mi:ss') time from all_objects
注意:第一条记录的time 与最后一行是一样的
可以建立一个函数来处理这个问题
create or replace function sys_date return date is
begin
return sysdate;
end;
select to_char(sys_date,'hh:mi:ss') from all_objects;
12.
获得小时数
select extract(hour from timestamp '2001-02-16 2:38:40') from offer
sql> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh') from dual;
sysdate to_char(sysdate,'hh')
-------------------- ---------------------
2003-10-13 19:35:21 07
sql> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh24') from dual;
sysdate to_char(sysdate,'hh24')
-------------------- -----------------------
2003-10-13 19:35:21 19
获取年月日与此类似
13.
年月日的处理
select older_date,
newer_date,
years,
months,
abs(
trunc(
newer_date-
add_months( older_date,years*12 months )
)
) days
from ( select
trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )/12) years,
mod(trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )),
12 ) months,
newer_date,
older_date
from ( select hiredate older_date,
add_months(hiredate,rownum) rownum newer_date
from emp )
)
14.
处理月份天数不定的办法
select to_char(add_months(last_day(sysdate) 1, -2), 'yyyymmdd'),last_day(sysdate) from dual
16.
找出今年的天数
select add_months(trunc(sysdate,'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate,'year') from dual
闰年的处理方法
to_char( last_day( to_date('02' || :year,'mmyyyy') ), 'dd' )
如果是28就不是闰年
17.
yyyy与rrrr的区别
'yyyy99 to_c
------- ----
yyyy 99 0099
rrrr 99 1999
yyyy 01 0001
rrrr 01 2001
18.不同时区的处理
select to_char( new_time( sysdate, 'gmt','est'), 'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss') ,sysdate
from dual;
19.
5秒钟一个间隔
select to_date(floor(to_char(sysdate,'sssss')/300) * 300,'sssss') ,to_char(sysdate,'sssss')
from dual
2002-11-1 9:55:00 35786
sssss表示5位秒数
20.
一年的第几天
select to_char(sysdate,'ddd'),sysdate from dual
310 2002-11-6 10:03:51
21.计算小时,分,秒,毫秒
select
days,
a,
trunc(a*24) hours,
trunc(a*24*60 - 60*trunc(a*24)) minutes,
trunc(a*24*60*60 - 60*trunc(a*24*60)) seconds,
trunc(a*24*60*60*100 - 100*trunc(a*24*60*60)) mseconds
from
(
select
trunc(sysdate) days,
sysdate - trunc(sysdate) a
from dual
)
select * from tabname
order by decode(mode,'fifo',1,-1)*to_char(rq,'yyyymmddhh24miss');
//
floor((date2-date1) /365) 作为年
floor((date2-date1, 365) /30) 作为月
mod(mod(date2-date1, 365), 30)作为日.
23.next_day函数
next_day(sysdate,6)是从当前开始下一个星期五。后面的数字是从星期日开始算起。
posted on 2006-08-10 16:34
xzc 阅读(2589)
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